Karim Karimi

While FDI has been strong, I've seen some reports indicating a potential deceleration in export orders, which could eventually impact manufacturing output. It's worth watching the PMI data closely over the next few months to see if that trend becomes more pronounced.

I think they can definitely coexist. CBDCs will likely handle large institutional flows and state-backed transactions, while stablecoins like USDC will continue to thrive in the decentralized finance space due to their programmability and global accessibility.

Honestly, for micro-payments, repeatedly bridging USDC via Wormhole might still be too costly for gas on the ETH side. Have you considered native USDC on Solana directly from an exchange, or exploring other stablecoins if your project can handle it? Might save you headaches in the long run.

I'd argue regulatory hurdles also play a big role. Each country has its own interpretations and requirements, which complicates a pan-European rollout.

My experience is it's still niche. Most of our European clients are comfortable with SEPA Direct Debits for recurring payments, and don't see a huge need to switch unless there's a strong cost advantage.

Could this actually increase consolidation? Larger firms might acquire smaller ones that struggle with the new regulatory requirements.

I think PSD3 could be a game-changer for smaller PSPs if the access to account changes really level the playing field. They won't have to fight as hard for data.

Isn't it also about commercial interests? Established players have a vested interest in the current system, making true disruption harder even with the tech and regulatory will.

Totally agree. The tech is there, but getting dozens of central banks and regulators on the same page for interoperability seems like a Herculean task.

What about the data sharing obligations? That's another area where smaller TPPs might find themselves at a disadvantage if they don't have robust infrastructure to handle it securely and efficiently.